Norham Castle in Northumberland

History and Heritage

As the buffer between England and Scotland, Northumberland’s location has shaped a history of iconic battles and conflict. Roman invasions and Viking attacks have resulted in stunning castles and landmarks for you to feast your eyes on.

It’s all in our history

Every inch of Northumberland hides a piece of history and heritage. The buffer between England and Scotland, Northumberland’s very geographic location has shaped a history of violence and conflict.

The legacy of Northumberland’s embattled past can still be seen today through the region’s historic sites. From the incredible architecture of ancient castles, to 73-miles of Hadrian’s Wall, the county’s heritage sites are a reminder of the many conflicts that have been and gone.

From the Roman invasion 2,000 years ago, Northumberland has witnessed plundering Viking attacks, seen Anglo Saxon kings fight to the death protecting their kingdom and set the scene for murderous raids by the notorious Border Reivers. There have been territorial battles between England and Scotland which saw the border town of Berwick-upon-Tweed change sides 13 times.

The legacy of Northumberland’s embattled past can still be seen today. There are more castles than any other county in England within its boundaries. The Roman megastructure of Hadrian’s Wall snakes for 73-miles across high volcanic ridges while the forts and pele towers peppered throughout Northumberland’s now peaceful and scenic countryside are a reminder of centuries-old carnage.

The past is everywhere you look in Northumberland. The best way to discover it is to explore its ancient sites, battlefields, castles, museums and stately homes.

Recommended
Museums

Woodhorn Museum

Woodhorn brings to life Northumberland’s proud mining heritage. Explore the historic buildings, interactive displays and contemporary exhibition programme.
Historic sites

Wallington House, Gardens & Estate

Discover woodlands, walled garden, wildlife, house full of history and collections, cycle trails and play areas at Wallington.
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Museums

Berwick-upon-Tweed Museum and Art Gallery

Visit Berwick Museum and Art Gallery, located in the Ravensdowne Barracks - the first purpose-built army barracks in England.
Historic sites

Chillingham Castle

A medieval castle with stunning views of formal gardens and the Cheviot Hills. Perfect for architectural and naturalist/historical enthusiasts.
Historic sites

Cherryburn: Thomas Bewick Birthplace Museum

Birthplace and childhood home of Thomas Bewick, master wood-engraver, artist and natural history author.
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Museums

Hexham Old Gaol

Step into Northumberland's past with a visit to Hexham Old Gaol, England's oldest Gaol.
Historic sites

Cragside

Illuminated with hydro-electricity and powered by hydraulics, discover Britain's original smart home.
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Historic sites

St Cuthberts Cross

Said to be the location where St Cuthbert agreed to become Bishop of Lindisfarne when petitioned by the king.
Berwick-upon-Tweed

Paxton House

Paxton House, an impressive Adam House filled with Chippendale furniture and exquisite 18th century costumes with café, shop and gardens.
Historic sites Wall

Planetrees Roman Wall

A 15-metre (49 feet) length of later narrow Wall on earlier broad foundations, marking the junction between the two wall types.
Mountain biking in purple heather
Family walk in Northumberland
Couple enjoying a boat trip
Hadrian's Wall
Surf Northumberland
Outdoor adventures in Northumberland

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